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The war in Ukraine has brought Europeans face to face with their dependence on Russian hydrocarbons, the political and moral cost of which is being debated. Consequently, the war in Ukraine does not simply raise the technical question of relations between the Union and one of its gas suppliers. In order to deal with climate change, Europe is questioning its energy policy in the context of a global geopolitical reconfiguration.

Dependence on Russian gas should decrease by two-thirds by the end of 2022 and be completely eliminated by 2027 if the objectives of the RepowerEU plan are met. Are we heading for a new dependence on American LNG? Can North Africa or the Middle East replace Russia as Europe's main energy supplier? Will the energy crisis, which will become more acute in the autumn and winter, accelerate our awareness of the need for energy sobriety? Can nuclear power, with the questions it raises - waste, ageing nuclear power plants - be a sustainable solution? How to combine transition and social policy?

This session of the closed seminar cycle of the Geopolitical Studies Group, exclusively intended for CAPS, is part of the publication sequence of the second issue of the journal GREEN on the ecology of war.